My answers 'hopefully to the questions asked'

1.  Comment on these things that need to be evidenced in every parent's life:

a. Strong faith

b. Unwavering sense of right and wrong

c. Good teaching skills

d. Willing to administer discipline

 

Lets take these as a whole for there are many parenting verses and lets see how these may help to raise our children 'in the nurture and admonition of The Lord.'

Genesis 18:19

For I know him, that he will command his children and his household after him, and they shall keep the way of the Lord, to do justice and judgment; that the Lord may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of him.

We are to keep 'His way' knowing His Law, and 'do justice and judgment' and so exercise sound discipline. 

Deuteronomy 4:9

Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life:but teach them thy sons, and thy sons 'sons;

This would point to having the base of knowledge of God ( or faith you may say) and then pass it on to the next generation. 

Deuteronomy 6:7 (repeated virtually in 11:19)

And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.

This continues on from the last verse but also into the scope that it is as a part of a daily conversation, the life teaches as much as the content of the daily devotionals. 

Psalms 78:4

We will not hide them from their children,

shewing to the generation to come

the praises of the Lord, and his strength,

and his wonderful works that he hath done.

Sharing with your children the trails and triumphs, the prayers and the praise, so they can see that He guides in the sunshine and through the storms. 

Proverbs 19:18

Chasten thy son while there is hope,

and let not thy soul spare for his crying.

This is one of discipline, it is not of judgment, for that is usually of revenge, but correction with the goal of restoration in mind. 

Proverbs 22:6

Train up a child in the way he should go:

and when he is old, he will not depart from it.

It is for now, for then may well be too late, also it is one that comes from following so remember where you're leading them. 

Proverbs 29:17

Correct thy son, and he shall give thee rest;

yea, he shall give delight unto thy soul.

I've already mentioned about the judgment/correction distinctive, but let me also add it is so they will delight in you, not merely fear you, and you'll delight in them rather than be shameful of them. 

2 Timothy 3:15

And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus.

This is the ultimate goal, not that they will be in good relation with you but more importantly with their Father in Heaven, so make sure we 'let your conversation be as it becomes the gospel of Christ:' (phil 1.27)

2.  Comment on these important areas of influence with children:

a. 'Limit the distance' (spend time with your kids)

b. Start early with spiritual training (how early?)

c. Talk often (what kind of subjects?)

d. Do specific things to establish a spiritual environment in your home (what kind of things?)

I first will say, these may be expressions that have a particular to the context they are asked in, but this Englishman will have a go, from how he perceives them. 

You can't lead your family from your workplace, or let the parenting be adequately outsourced.

Here's a scary quote from Martin Luther. "I am much afraid that schools will prove to be the great gates of hell unless they diligently labor in explaining the Holy Scriptures, engraving them in the hearts of youth. I advise no one to place his child where the Scriptures do not reign paramount. Every institution in which men are not increasingly occupied with the Word of God must become corrupt."

As far as how early, going back to Timothy his mother and grandmother, from his youth taught him the Holy Scripture. 

I mentioned earlier how your life in every aspect of life is one of teaching either by word or practice. 

What kind of things can we do, study the word as a family, pray together as such a situation arises for it, and bring God into conversations about say, the news, the school lessons, the workplace, the finances, I'm sure there is a whole lot more, even about the households friendships, and let them know they are prayed for and can mention things that you can bring to The Lord.